
    <!DOCTYPE html>
    <html lang="zh-CN">
    <head>
      <meta charset="UTF-8">
      <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
      <title>5、JSP - 交互式测验</title>
      <style>
        @import url('https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Noto+Sans+SC:wght@400;500;700&display=swap');
        
        body {
          font-family: 'Noto Sans SC', sans-serif;
          background-color: #f4f7f9;
          color: #333;
          display: flex;
          justify-content: center;
          align-items: center;
          min-height: 100vh;
          margin: 0;
          padding: 20px;
          box-sizing: border-box;
        }
        
        .main-wrapper {
            position: relative;
            width: 100%;
            max-width: 900px; /* Wider to accommodate buttons */
            display: flex;
            justify-content: center;
            align-items: center;
        }

        .quiz-container {
          background-color: #ffffff;
          border-radius: 16px;
          box-shadow: 0 8px 32px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);
          width: 100%;
          max-width: 700px;
          overflow: hidden;
          z-index: 10;
        }

        .quiz-header {
          background-color: #4a90e2;
          color: white;
          padding: 20px 30px;
          text-align: center;
        }

        .quiz-header h1 {
          margin: 0;
          font-size: 24px;
          font-weight: 700;
        }
        
        .quiz-header p {
            margin: 5px 0 0;
            font-size: 14px;
            opacity: 0.9;
        }

        .quiz-body {
          padding: 30px;
        }

        .progress-bar {
            display: none; /* 隐藏进度条 */
            width: 100%;
            background-color: #e0e0e0;
            border-radius: 5px;
            height: 10px;
            margin-bottom: 20px;
        }

        #progress-indicator {
            height: 100%;
            width: 0%;
            background-color: #4caf50;
            border-radius: 5px;
            transition: width 0.3s ease;
        }

        #question-container {
          margin-bottom: 20px;
        }

        #question-text {
          font-size: 18px;
          font-weight: 500;
          line-height: 1.6;
          margin-bottom: 25px;
        }

        .options-list {
          list-style: none;
          padding: 0;
          margin: 0;
        }

        .option-item {
          background-color: #f8f9fa;
          border: 1px solid #dee2e6;
          border-radius: 8px;
          padding: 15px;
          margin-bottom: 12px;
          cursor: pointer;
          transition: background-color 0.2s ease, border-color 0.2s ease;
        }

        .option-item:hover {
          background-color: #e9ecef;
        }
        
        .option-item.selected {
            background-color: #d1e7fd;
            border-color: #4a90e2;
        }

        .quiz-footer {
          padding: 20px 30px;
          display: flex;
          justify-content: space-between; /* 将按钮分布在两侧 */
          align-items: center;
          min-height: 65px; /* Reserve space */
        }

        .nav-btn {
          background-color: #4a90e2;
          color: white;
          border: none;
          border-radius: 8px;
          padding: 10px 20px;
          font-size: 16px;
          font-weight: 500;
          cursor: pointer;
          transition: background-color 0.2s ease, transform 0.2s ease;
          box-shadow: 0 4px 12px rgba(0,0,0,0.15);
        }
        
        #next-btn {
            background-color: #28a745;
        }

        .nav-btn:hover {
          background-color: #357abd;
          transform: scale(1.05);
        }
        
        .nav-btn:disabled {
            background-color: #a0c3e8;
            cursor: not-allowed;
            opacity: 0.7;
        }

        #result-container {
            border-top: 1px solid #eee;
        }
        
        .result-box {
            border-radius: 8px;
            padding: 20px;
            margin-top: 20px;
        }
        
        .result-box.correct {
            background-color: #d4edda;
            border: 1px solid #c3e6cb;
            color: #155724;
        }

        .result-box.incorrect {
            background-color: #f8d7da;
            border: 1px solid #f5c6cb;
            color: #721c24;
        }
        
        .result-box h3 {
            margin-top: 0;
        }

        .explanation-text {
            margin-top: 15px;
            line-height: 1.7;
        }
        
        .source-text {
            font-style: italic;
            font-size: 14px;
            margin-top: 15px;
            color: #555;
        }

        
        .final-score-container {
            padding: 40px;
            text-align: center;
        }
        .final-score-container h2 {
            margin-top: 0;
            margin-bottom: 30px;
        }
        .score-summary {
            display: flex;
            justify-content: center;
            gap: 20px;
            margin-bottom: 40px;
            flex-wrap: wrap;
        }
        .score-card {
            background-color: #f8f9fa;
            border-radius: 12px;
            padding: 20px;
            width: 180px;
            box-shadow: 0 4px 12px rgba(0,0,0,0.05);
            border: 1px solid #e9ecef;
        }
        .score-card h3 {
            margin: 0 0 10px;
            font-size: 16px;
            font-weight: 500;
            color: #555;
        }
        .score-card p {
            margin: 0;
            font-size: 28px;
            font-weight: 700;
            color: #333;
        }
        .score-details table {
            width: 100%;
            font-size: 16px;
        }
        .score-details td {
            padding: 4px 0;
        }
        .score-details td:last-child {
            text-align: right;
            font-weight: 700;
        }
        .report-actions button {
            background-color: #fff;
            border: 1px solid #ccc;
            border-radius: 8px;
            padding: 12px 25px;
            font-size: 16px;
            cursor: pointer;
            margin: 0 10px;
            transition: background-color 0.2s ease, border-color 0.2s ease, transform 0.2s ease;
        }
        .report-actions button:hover {
            background-color: #f1f1f1;
            border-color: #bbb;
            transform: translateY(-2px);
        }
        .report-actions button.primary {
            background-color: #28a745;
            color: white;
            border-color: #28a745;
        }
        .report-actions button.primary:hover {
            background-color: #218838;
        }
        
        .hint-container {
            background-color: #e0f7fa;
            border: 1px solid #b2ebf2;
            border-radius: 8px;
            padding: 15px;
            margin-top: 20px;
            color: #006064;
            font-size: 15px;
            line-height: 1.6;
            display: none; /* 默认隐藏 */
        }
      </style>
    </head>
    <body>
      <div class="main-wrapper">
          <div class="quiz-container">
            <div class="quiz-header">
              <h1>5、JSP - 交互式测验</h1>
              <p>检验你对文档内容的理解程度</p>
            </div>
            <div id="quiz-content">
                <div class="quiz-body">
                    <div class="progress-bar">
                        <div id="progress-indicator"></div>
                    </div>
                    <div id="question-container">
                      <p id="question-text"></p>
                      <ul class="options-list" id="options-list"></ul>
                    </div>
                    <div id="result-container"></div>
                    <div id="hint-container" class="hint-container"></div>
                </div>
                <div class="quiz-footer" id="quiz-footer">
                  <button id="prev-btn" class="nav-btn">上一题</button>
                  <button id="hint-btn" class="nav-btn" style="background-color: #ffc107; color: #333; box-shadow: 0 4px 12px rgba(255,193,7,0.3);">提示</button>
                  <button id="next-btn" class="nav-btn">下一题</button>
                </div>
            </div>
          </div>
      </div>

      <script>
        const quizData = [
  {
    "question": "根据文档中的“JSP最佳实践”，在典型的Web应用开发中，JSP 主要扮演什么角色？",
    "options": [
      "作为控制器（Controller）处理业务逻辑和请求分发。",
      "作为数据显示模板（View），专注于呈现由Servlet准备的数据。",
      "直接负责与数据库进行交互（Model）。",
      "用于定义整个应用的配置文件和安全策略。"
    ],
    "correctAnswerIndex": 1,
    "explanation": "文档明确指出，在长期的软件实践中，人们通常将 Servlet 作为控制器组件（Controller），负责响应请求和产生数据；而将 JSP 技术作为数据显示模板（View），专门负责页面的展示。",
    "source": "文档中「JSP最佳实践」部分",
    "hint": "文档提到了Servlet和JSP在开发中的分工，一个负责响应请求和产生数据，另一个则负责显示。"
  },
  {
    "question": "JSP 脚本表达式（JSP Expression）的正确语法是什么，它与脚本片段（Scriptlet）的主要区别是什么？",
    "options": [
      "语法是 `<%-- ... --%>`，用于在页面中添加注释。",
      "语法是 `<%! ... %>`，用于声明成员变量和方法。",
      "语法是 `<%= 变量或表达式 %>`，它会将表达式的结果输出到客户端，并且末尾不能有分号。",
      "语法是 `<% ... %>`，它用于输出单行 Java 代码，并且必须以分号结尾。"
    ],
    "correctAnswerIndex": 2,
    "explanation": "文档中明确定义了 JSP 脚本表达式的语法为 `<%= 变量或表达式 %>`，其作用是将程序数据输出到客户端。同时，文档特别强调“JSP脚本表达式中的变量或表达式后面不能有分号”。而脚本片段 `<% ... %>` 用于执行多行 Java 代码，其中的语句需要遵循 Java 语法，通常以分号结尾。",
    "source": "文档中「JSP脚本表达式」和「JSP脚本片段」部分",
    "hint": "注意区分用于“输出数据”和用于“编写多行Java代码”的语法，并留意文档中关于分号的特殊说明。"
  },
  {
    "question": "文档中描述了两种在JSP页面中引入其他资源的方式：`include`指令和`<jsp:include>`标签。它们之间最核心的区别是什么？",
    "options": [
      "`include`指令是动态引入，在请求时才包含文件内容；`<jsp:include>`标签是静态引入。",
      "`include`指令是静态引入，在JSP翻译成Servlet时就将文件合并；`<jsp:include>`标签是动态引入，在页面执行时才插入资源内容。",
      "两者没有本质区别，只是语法不同，可以互换使用。",
      "`<jsp:include>`标签只能引入HTML文件，而`include`指令可以引入任何类型的文件。"
    ],
    "correctAnswerIndex": 1,
    "explanation": "文档明确将 `include` 指令（`<%@ include ... %>`）称为“静态引入”，因为它会在JSP页面被翻译成Servlet时，将两个文件的内容合并成一个Servlet。而 `<jsp:include>` 标签则被称为“动态引入”，它在JSP页面被请求执行时，才会将另一个资源的输出内容包含进来。",
    "source": "文档中「include指令」和「<jsp:include>标签」部分",
    "hint": "文档分别用“静态引入”和“动态引入”来描述这两种方式，思考一下“静态”和“动态”分别对应哪个阶段——是翻译阶段还是运行阶段？"
  },
  {
    "question": "在JSP的9个内置对象中，哪一个对象只有在page指令中设置了特定属性后才可用？",
    "options": [
      "request",
      "pageContext",
      "session",
      "exception"
    ],
    "correctAnswerIndex": 3,
    "explanation": "根据文档描述，`exception` 对象是JSP的9个内置对象之一，但它有一个特殊的使用条件：只有在当前JSP页面的 `page` 指令中设置了 `isErrorPage=\"true\"` 属性时，这个对象才有效，用于捕获和处理从其他页面转发过来的异常信息。",
    "source": "文档中「JSP的内置对象」部分",
    "hint": "在九大内置对象的列表中，有一个对象的说明后面跟着一个括号，里面提到了其生效的条件。"
  },
  {
    "question": "表达式语言（EL）在JSP中的主要作用是什么？",
    "options": [
      "在JSP页面中执行复杂的业务逻辑计算。",
      "作为一种规范，简化从作用域中获取数据的过程。",
      "替代HTML，用于定义网页的结构。",
      "直接连接和操作数据库。"
    ],
    "correctAnswerIndex": 1,
    "explanation": "文档中定义EL（Expression Language）是“jsp中获取数据的一种规范”。它的设计初衷是为了让页面设计者能更简单地访问存储在各个作用域（如page, request, session, application）中的数据，而无需编写Java脚本代码。",
    "source": "文档中「EL」部分",
    "hint": "文档对EL的定义是“表达式语言”，并强调它是JSP中“获取数据”的一种规范。"
  },
  {
    "question": "在使用JSTL（JSP标准标签库）时，如果想根据条件判断来决定是否显示某段内容，应该使用哪个核心标签？",
    "options": [
      "<c:forEach>",
      "<c:if>",
      "<c:set>",
      "<fmt:formatDate>"
    ],
    "correctAnswerIndex": 1,
    "explanation": "文档中将 `<c:if>` 归类于“条件标签”，并给出了示例 `<c:if test=\"${empty cart}\">`，这表明 `<c:if>` 标签用于执行条件判断。当 `test` 属性中的表达式求值为 `true` 时，标签体内的内容才会被执行和显示。",
    "source": "文档中「JSTL」部分",
    "hint": "在JSTL的常用标签介绍中，寻找被归类为“条件标签”的那个。"
  },
  {
    "question": "根据文档，JSP中的 `pageContext` 对象扮演着一个非常核心的角色，以下哪个描述是正确的？",
    "options": [
      "`pageContext` 对象的主要功能是直接向客户端输出HTML内容。",
      "`pageContext` 对象封装了对其他8个内置对象的引用，并自身也是一个作用域对象。",
      "`pageContext` 对象专门用于管理整个Web应用的全局数据。",
      "`pageContext` 对象等同于 `session` 对象，用于跟踪用户会话。"
    ],
    "correctAnswerIndex": 1,
    "explanation": "文档中强调 `pageContext` 对象是JSP技术中“最重要的一个对象”，因为它不仅封装了对其他8大隐式对象（如request, response, session等）的引用，允许通过它来获取其他对象，同时它自己也是一个域对象（PAGE_SCOPE），可以在当前页面范围内保存数据。",
    "source": "文档中「pageContext对象和作用域」部分",
    "hint": "文档称这个对象是“最重要的”，并提到它封装了对其他八大对象的引用。"
  }
];
        console.log("Quiz Data:", JSON.parse(JSON.stringify(quizData))); // 添加这行用于调试，以可展开的JSON格式输出
        
        let currentQuestionIndex = 0;
        let score = 0;
        // 存储每个问题的回答状态
        const userAnswers = new Array(quizData.length).fill(null); 

        const questionTextEl = document.getElementById('question-text');
        const optionsListEl = document.getElementById('options-list');
        const resultContainerEl = document.getElementById('result-container');
        const quizContentEl = document.getElementById('quiz-content');
        const progressIndicatorEl = document.getElementById('progress-indicator');
        const prevBtn = document.getElementById('prev-btn');
        const nextBtn = document.getElementById('next-btn');
        const hintBtn = document.getElementById('hint-btn');
        const hintContainerEl = document.getElementById('hint-container');

        function loadQuestion() {
          resultContainerEl.innerHTML = '';
          optionsListEl.innerHTML = '';
          hintContainerEl.style.display = 'none'; // 隐藏提示
          
          if (currentQuestionIndex >= quizData.length) {
            showFinalScore();
            return;
          }

          updateProgress();

          const currentQuestion = quizData[currentQuestionIndex];
          questionTextEl.textContent = `(${currentQuestionIndex + 1}/${quizData.length}) ${currentQuestion.question}`;
          
          currentQuestion.options.forEach((optionText, index) => {
            const li = document.createElement('li');
            li.className = 'option-item';
            li.textContent = optionText;
            li.dataset.index = index; // Store index in a data attribute
            // 如果这道题已经回答过，恢复状态
            if (userAnswers[currentQuestionIndex] !== null) {
                if (index === userAnswers[currentQuestionIndex]) {
                    li.classList.add('selected');
                }
            }
            optionsListEl.appendChild(li);
          });

          // 如果已经回答过，直接显示结果
          if (userAnswers[currentQuestionIndex] !== null) {
              const isCorrect = userAnswers[currentQuestionIndex] === currentQuestion.correctAnswerIndex;
              showResult(isCorrect, currentQuestion);
          }
          
          updateNavigationButtons();
          updateProgress();
        }

        function selectOption(optionIndex) {
            userAnswers[currentQuestionIndex] = optionIndex;
            const currentQuestion = quizData[currentQuestionIndex];
            const isCorrect = optionIndex === currentQuestion.correctAnswerIndex;

            // 重新计算分数
            score = userAnswers.reduce((acc, answer, index) => {
                return answer === quizData[index].correctAnswerIndex ? acc + 1 : acc;
            }, 0);

            showResult(isCorrect, currentQuestion);
            updateNavigationButtons();
        }
        
        function updateProgress() {
            const answeredQuestions = userAnswers.filter(answer => answer !== null).length;
            const progressPercentage = (answeredQuestions / quizData.length) * 100;
            progressIndicatorEl.style.width = `${progressPercentage}%`;
        }
        
        function updateNavigationButtons() {
            prevBtn.style.display = 'block';
            nextBtn.style.display = 'block';
            hintBtn.style.display = 'block'; // 显示提示按钮

            prevBtn.disabled = currentQuestionIndex === 0;
            nextBtn.disabled = false; // 最后一题时，下一题按钮不禁用，而是用于显示报告
            nextBtn.textContent = (currentQuestionIndex === quizData.length - 1) ? '查看报告' : '下一题';
            
            // 如果当前问题没有提示，则禁用提示按钮并隐藏提示内容
            if (!quizData[currentQuestionIndex].hint) {
                hintBtn.disabled = true;
                hintContainerEl.style.display = 'none';
                hintContainerEl.textContent = ''; // 清除旧的提示内容
            } else {
                hintBtn.disabled = false;
            }
        }

        function showResult(isCorrect, questionData) {
            resultContainerEl.innerHTML = ''; // 清空之前的结果
            const resultBox = document.createElement('div');
            resultBox.className = `result-box ${isCorrect ? 'correct' : 'incorrect'}`;
            
            let html = `<h3>${isCorrect ? '回答正确！' : '回答错误'}</h3>`;
            if (!isCorrect) {
                html += `<p><strong>正确答案是：</strong> ${questionData.options[questionData.correctAnswerIndex]}</p>`;
            }
            html += `<div class="explanation-text">${questionData.explanation}</div>`;
            html += `<div class="source-text">来源: ${questionData.source}</div>`;
            
            resultBox.innerHTML = html;
            resultContainerEl.appendChild(resultBox);

            // 禁用所有选项的点击事件，并高亮正确/错误答案
            Array.from(optionsListEl.children).forEach((child, index) => {
                child.style.pointerEvents = 'none';
                // 高亮正确答案
                if (index === questionData.correctAnswerIndex) {
                    child.classList.add('correct'); // 需要添加CSS样式
                    child.style.backgroundColor = '#d4edda';
                    child.style.borderColor = '#c3e6cb';
                }
                // 如果选错了，高亮错误选项
                if (!isCorrect && index === userAnswers[currentQuestionIndex]) {
                    child.classList.add('incorrect'); // 需要添加CSS样式
                    child.style.backgroundColor = '#f8d7da';
                    child.style.borderColor = '#f5c6cb';
                }
            });
        }

        function goToNextQuestion() {
            if (currentQuestionIndex < quizData.length - 1) {
                currentQuestionIndex++;
                loadQuestion();
            } else {
                showFinalScore();
            }
        }

        function goToPreviousQuestion() {
            if (currentQuestionIndex > 0) {
                currentQuestionIndex--;
                loadQuestion();
            }
        }
        
        function showHint() {
            const currentQuestion = quizData[currentQuestionIndex];
            if (currentQuestion.hint) {
                hintContainerEl.textContent = currentQuestion.hint;
                hintContainerEl.style.display = 'block';
            } else {
                hintContainerEl.style.display = 'none';
            }
        }

        function showFinalScore() {
            document.querySelector('.quiz-body').style.display = 'none';
            document.getElementById('quiz-footer').style.display = 'none';

            const correctCount = score;
            const totalQuestions = quizData.length;
            const answeredCount = userAnswers.filter(a => a !== null).length;
            const wrongCount = answeredCount - correctCount;
            const skippedCount = totalQuestions - answeredCount;
            const accuracy = totalQuestions > 0 ? Math.round((correctCount / totalQuestions) * 100) : 0;
            const errorRate = totalQuestions > 0 ? Math.round((wrongCount / totalQuestions) * 100) : 0;

            const finalScoreHtml =
                '<div class="final-score-container">' +
                '<h2>答题报告</h2>' +
                '<div class="score-summary">' +
                '<div class="score-card">' +
                '<h3>得分</h3>' +
                '<p>' + correctCount + ' / ' + totalQuestions + '</p>' +
                '</div>' +
                '<div class="score-card">' +
                '<h3>正确率</h3>' +
                '<p>' + accuracy + '%</p>' +
                '</div>' +
                '<div class="score-card">' +
                '<h3>错误率</h3>' +
                '<p>' + errorRate + '%</p>' +
                '</div>' +
                '<div class="score-card score-details">' +
                '<table>' +
                '<tr><td>正确</td><td>' + correctCount + '</td></tr>' +
                '<tr><td>错误</td><td>' + wrongCount + '</td></tr>' +
                '<tr><td>未答</td><td>' + skippedCount + '</td></tr>' +
                '</table>' +
                '</div>' +
                '</div>' +
                '<div class="report-actions">' +
                '<button id="review-btn">回顾测验</button>' +
                '<button class="primary" onclick="location.reload()">再试一次</button>' +
                '</div>' +
                '</div>';

            let reportEl = document.querySelector('.final-score-container');
            if (reportEl) {
                reportEl.remove();
            }
            quizContentEl.insertAdjacentHTML('beforeend', finalScoreHtml);
            document.getElementById('review-btn').addEventListener('click', reviewQuiz);
        }

        function reviewQuiz() {
            const reportEl = document.querySelector('.final-score-container');
            if (reportEl) {
                reportEl.remove();
            }

            document.querySelector('.quiz-body').style.display = 'block';
            document.getElementById('quiz-footer').style.display = 'flex';
            
            currentQuestionIndex = 0;
            loadQuestion();
            updateNavigationButtons(); // Ensure nav buttons are correctly displayed
        }

        // Event Delegation for options
        optionsListEl.addEventListener('click', (event) => {
            if (event.target && event.target.matches('li.option-item')) {
                // Check if the question has already been answered
                if (userAnswers[currentQuestionIndex] === null) {
                    const selectedIndex = parseInt(event.target.dataset.index, 10);
                    selectOption(selectedIndex);
                }
            }
        });

        prevBtn.addEventListener('click', goToPreviousQuestion);
        nextBtn.addEventListener('click', goToNextQuestion);
        hintBtn.addEventListener('click', showHint);
        
        // 初始加载
        loadQuestion();
      </script>
    </body>
    </html>
  